I need this to be looked over for the below: This is according to my professor’s feedback. (PLEASE FIX THIS) For citations in this assignment, avoid MLA parenthetical citations. Instead, you need Chic

I need this to be looked over for the below: This is according to my professor’s feedback. (PLEASE FIX THIS) For citations in this assignment, avoid MLA parenthetical citations. Instead, you need Chic
Columbia State Library Research Paper Social Work in New York Name Name Modern United States History- Hist-2020-C91 Date Social Work In New York The social work profession has a long and varied history in the United States. It has evolved over time, responding to changing societal needs and circumstances. In this paper, we will explore the emergence and evolution of social work as a profession in modern US history, with a specific focus on New York. To do this, we will analyze and synthesize the evidence from a variety of sources. By examining these sources, we hope to gain a deeper understanding of how social work has developed over time and what challenges and opportunities lie ahead for the profession. Emergence of Social Work as a Profession The emergence of social work as a profession in the United States can be traced back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries. At that time, social reformers and philanthropists began to recognize the need for trained professionals to address social problems such as poverty, crime, and child labor. The settlement house movement, which began in England and spread to the United States, played a critical role in the development of social work as a profession. Settlement houses were community centers that provided a range of services to the poor, including education, health care, and social services. Social workers were employed at these centers to assist clients and coordinate services with other agencies and organizations (Sakamoto et al., 2008). In New York, the settlement house movement was particularly influential. In 1895, the first settlement house, called University Settlement, was established on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. By 1910, there were more than 50 settlement houses in New York City alone, staffed by social workers and other professionals (Sakamoto et al., 2008). These settlement houses provided a social work practice model emphasizing a holistic, community-based approach to addressing social problems. Evolution of Social Work in the United States Since its emergence as a profession, social work has evolved in response to changing societal needs and circumstances. During the first half of the 20th century, social workers played an essential role in the development of social welfare programs and policies. The New Deal, which was implemented in the 1930s, marked a turning point in the history of social welfare in the United States. The New Deal included a range of programs designed to alleviate poverty and promote economic recovery, including the Social Security Act, which established a system of old-age pensions and unemployment insurance, and the Aid to Dependent Children program, which provided assistance to single mothers and their children (Sakamoto et al., 2008). During the 1960s and 1970s, social work became increasingly involved in the civil rights and anti-poverty movements. Social workers played a vital role in the development of the War on Poverty, which President Lyndon B. Johnson launched in 1964. The War on Poverty included a range of programs designed to address poverty and inequality, including the Head Start program, which provided early childhood education and health services to low-income families, and the Community Action Program, which provided funding for community-based establishments to address poverty at the local level (Green et al., 2001). In the 1980s and 1990s, social work faced new challenges and opportunities. The Reagan administration implemented a series of cuts to social welfare programs, leading to increased demand for social services and reduced funding for social service agencies. Social workers were forced to become more innovative and creative in their approaches to service delivery, and many began to advocate for social and economic justice as a core component of social work practice (Sakamoto et al., 2008). More recently, social work has continued to evolve in response to changing societal needs and circumstances. The COVID-19 pandemic, for example, has highlighted the importance of social workers in addressing the health and social needs of vulnerable populations. Social workers have played a key role in providing mental health services, supporting families and children, and coordinating services with other agencies and organizations during the pandemic (Staniforth & Appleby, 2022). The Status of Women in Social Work Women have historically been overrepresented in the social work profession, and this trend continues today. According to Sakamoto et al. (2008), women make up approximately 80% of social work practitioners and students. This overrepresentation of women in social work has been attributed to gender stereotypes that associate women with nurturing and caregiving roles. Despite the high representation of women in social work, women still face challenges in advancing to leadership positions in the profession. The glass ceiling phenomenon, where women are prevented from advancing to higher-level positions due to discrimination or bias, is prevalent in social work. This has resulted in a lack of gender diversity in leadership positions in the profession. Factors that Contributed to the Growth of Social Work in New York The growth of social work in New York was made possible by several key factors. One major factor was the progressive era reforms of the early 20th century. During this time, social and political reform movements aimed to address issues like poverty, crime, and poor living conditions. Social workers played an essential role in implementing these reforms, and their work helped shape social work’s development as a profession. Another critical factor was the influx of immigrants to New York City. Many social workers were needed to help these new arrivals adjust to life in a new country. Immigrant social workers brought their own experiences and perspectives to the field, which helped expand and enrich social work practice. Collaboration with other professions also played a significant role in the growth of social work in New York. Social work developed in close partnership with fields like law, medicine, and education. This interdisciplinary approach helped establish social work as a distinct profession with its own knowledge and skills. Government support was also critical in the expansion of social work programs. The government provided funding and support for social work programs, which helped to expand the field and make it more accessible to a wider range of people. This support also helped to establish social work as a legitimate profession with a recognized role in addressing social problems. Finally, the influence of social work pioneers in New York City, such as Jane Addams, Mary Richmond, and Florence Kelley, cannot be overlooked. These individuals helped shape the field’s direction and established many of the principles and practices that continue to guide social work today. Their contributions laid the foundation for the growth and development of social work in New York City and beyond. Challenges for Social Work in New York While social work has made significant progress in addressing social problems in New York and across the United States, there are still many challenges and opportunities facing the profession. One of the key challenges facing social work is the need to address structural inequalities and systemic barriers that perpetuate social problems such as poverty, racism, and gender inequality. Social workers must be prepared to advocate for policy changes and social reforms that address these underlying issues (Sakamoto et al., 2008). Another challenge facing social workers in New York is the need to address the shortage of trained social workers in certain areas, such as mental health. The new entrant program for social workers in mental health developed by Staniforth and Appleby (2022) is an example of an innovative approach to addressing this challenge. The program provides a comprehensive orientation and training for social workers new to the field of mental health, with a focus on developing skills and competencies in areas such as assessment, intervention, and collaboration. Opportunities for Social Work in New York In addition to these challenges, there are many social work opportunities in New York. The city’s diverse population presents an opportunity for social workers to develop culturally sensitive and responsive approaches to service delivery. The city’s rich history of social activism and advocacy also provides an opportunity for social workers to become involved in social and political movements that promote social and economic justice (Green et al., 2001). The city is a vibrant and diverse city with a rich social activism and advocacy history. Some of the opportunities for social work in New York include: New York City is one of the most diverse cities in the world, with a population that speaks over 200 different languages. This presents a unique opportunity for social workers to develop culturally sensitive and responsive approaches to service delivery. Social workers in New York can work with individuals and communities from diverse cultural backgrounds, using a strengths-based approach that recognizes the unique cultural assets and resources that individuals and communities bring to the table. It is a city of extremes, with some of the wealthiest and poorest neighborhoods in the country. There are many systemic barriers and structural inequalities that perpetuate social problems such as poverty, racism, and gender inequality. Social workers in New York can be powerful advocates for social and economic justice, working to address these underlying issues through policy changes and social reforms. Furthermore, New York City is home to many community-based organizations that work on a variety of social issues, such as housing, education, health care, and social justice. Social workers in New York can partner with these organizations to provide coordinated and comprehensive services to individuals and communities. This partnership can help social workers develop a deep understanding of the unique needs and strengths of the communities they serve and identify and mobilize community resources to address social problems (Walkowitz, 2005). The City has a rich history of social activism and advocacy, with many social and political movements that have influenced social policy and practice both nationally and globally. Social workers in New York can play an essential role in these movements, using their knowledge and skills to advocate for social and economic justice. This can involve working with grassroots organizations, participating in policy advocacy, or engaging in direct action and civil disobedience (McLoughlin, 2018). Unfortunately, New York City has experienced many emergencies and disasters, including the September 11th attacks, Hurricane Sandy, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Social workers in New York can play a crucial role in responding to these emergencies and disasters, providing critical services such as mental health support, emergency housing, and food assistance. This work can help mitigate the impact of disasters on vulnerable populations and build resilience and preparedness for future emergencies. Conclusion Social work has a long and varied history in the United States, with its emergence as a profession dating back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Since then, social work has evolved in response to changing societal needs and circumstances, including developing social welfare policies and programs, the civil rights and anti-poverty movements, and the COVID-19 pandemic. While social work has made significant progress in addressing social problems in New York and across the United States, there are still many challenges and opportunities facing the profession. Addressing structural inequalities and systemic barriers, addressing the shortage of trained social workers in certain areas, and developing culturally sensitive and responsive approaches to service delivery are all key challenges facing social work in New York. However, the city’s rich history of social activism and advocacy and its diverse population provides many opportunities for social workers to positively impact the lives of individuals and communities. Bibliography Barbara Staniforth and Jo Appleby, “Get Ready… Get Set… go! A New Entrant Programme for Social Workers in Mental Health” (December 2022) Claire McLoughlin, “Improving Citizen Engagement Through Human-Centered Design: Our Partnership with the New York City Department of Social Service” (June 2018) Daniel J. Walkowitz, “Social Work” (2005) Emma Reith-Hall, “The Teaching and Learning of Communication Skills for Social Work Students: a Realist Synthesis Protocol” (December 12, 2022) Izumi Sakamoto, Jeane W. Anastas, Beverly A. McPhail and Lisa G. Colarossi, “Status of Women in Social Work Education” (January 1, 2008) Robert G. Green, Antoninette Bretzin, Christine Leininger and Rose Stauffer, “Research Learning Attributes of Graduate Students in Social Work, Psychology, and Business” (Spring/ Summer 2001)