Data Analysis – Multi-Dimensional Visualization

Week 3 Data Analysis – Multi-Dimensional Visualization

As you do this assignment, consider the historical data visualization developed by Charles Minard describing Napoleon’s army march toward and eventual retreat from Moscow (Found in this week’s presentation).

Use your imagination to develop your own data visualization that displays several dimensions with a single plot. (For example, color of data points can be used to categorize one dimension, while the size of the data point can represent a dimension related to magnitude.)

The assignment scoring is based on the originality of the display, the number of dimensions displayed, and readability. The rubric for this assignment can be viewed when clicking on the assignment link.

Examples of this type of multidimensional visualization can be found at

Website:

Video:

Ted Talks – Data Visualization

Chapter 3:

Business Reporting,

Visual Analytics, and Business

Performance Management

Business Intelligence: A Managerial Perspective on Analytics (3rd Edition)

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Learning Objectives

Define business reporting and understand its historical evolution

Recognize the need for and the power of business reporting

Understand the importance of data/information visualization

Learn different types of visualization techniques

Appreciate the value that visual analytics brings to BI/BA

(Continued…)

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Learning Objectives

Know the capabilities and limitations of dashboards

Understand the nature of business performance management (BPM)

Learn the closed-loop BPM methodology

Describe the basic elements of balanced scorecards

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Opening Vignette…

Self-Service Reporting Environment Saves Millions For Corporate Customers

Background

Business Challenge

Solution

Results

Answer & discuss the case questions.

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Questions for the Opening Vignette

What does Travel and Transport, Inc., do?

Describe the complexity and the competitive nature of the business environment in which Travel and Transport, Inc., functions.

What were the main business challenges?

What was the solution? How was it implemented?

Why do you think a multi-vendor, multi-tool solution was implemented?

List and comment on three main benefits of the implemented system.

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Business Reporting Definitions and Concepts

Report = Information  Decision

Report?

Any communication artifact prepared to convey specific information

A report can fulfill many functions

To ensure proper departmental functioning

To provide information

To provide the results of an analysis

To persuade others to act

To create an organizational memory…

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What is a Business Report?

A written document that contains information regarding business matters.

Purpose: to improve managerial decisions

Source: data from inside and outside the organization (via the use of ETL)

Format: text + tables + graphs/charts

Distribution: in-print, email, portal/intranet

Data acquisition  Information generation  Decision making  Process management

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Business Reporting

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Key to Any Successful Report

Clarity …

Brevity …

Completeness …

Correctness …

Report types (in terms of content and format)

Informal – a single letter or a memo

Formal – 10-100 pages; cover + summary + text

Short report – periodic, informative, investigative

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Application Case 3.1

Delta Lloyd Group Ensures Accuracy and Efficiency in Financial Reporting

Questions for Discussion

How did Delta Lloyd Group improve accuracy and efficiency in financial reporting?

What were the challenges, the proposed solution, and the obtained results?

Why is it important for Delta Lloyd Group to comply with industry regulations?

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Types of Business Reports

Metric Management Reports

Help manage business performance through metrics (SLAs for externals; KPIs for internals)

Can be used as part of Six Sigma and/or TQM

Dashboard-Type Reports

Graphical presentation of several performance indicators in a single page using dials/gauges

Balanced Scorecard-Type Reports

Include financial, customer, business process, and learning & growth indicators

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Components of Business Reporting Systems

Common characteristics

OLTP (online transaction processing)

ERP, POS, SCM, RFID, Sensors, Web, …

Data supply (volume, variety, velocity, …)

ETL

Data storage

Business logic

Publication medium

Assurance

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Application Case 3.2

Flood of Paper Ends at FEMA

Questions for Discussion

What is FEMA and what does it do?

What are the main challenges that FEMA faces in delivering its services?

How did FEMA improve its inefficient reporting practices?

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Data and Information Visualization

“The use of visual representations to explore, make sense of, and communicate data.”

Data visualization vs. Information visualization

Information = aggregation, summarization, and contextualization of data

Related to information graphics, scientific visualization, and statistical graphics

Often includes charts, graphs, illustrations, …

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Application Case 3.3

Tableau Saves Blastrac Thousands of Dollars with Simplified Information Sharing

Questions for Discussion

How did Blastrac achieve significant cost saving in reporting and information sharing?

What were the challenge, the proposed solution, and the obtained results?

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A Brief History of Data Visualization

Data visualization can date back to the second century AD

Most developments have occurred in the last two and a half centuries

Until recently it was not recognized as a discipline

Today’s most popular visual forms date back a few centuries

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The First Pie Chart Created by William Playfair in 1801

William Playfair is widely credited as the inventor of the modern chart, having created the first line and pie charts.

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Decimation of Napoleon’s Army During the 1812 Russian Campaign

Arguably the most popular multi-dimensional chart

By Charles Joseph Minard

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A Brief History of Data Visualization

1900s –

more formal attitude toward visualization

focus on color, value scales, and labeling

Publication of the book Semiologie Graphique

2000s –

Emergence of Internet as the medium for information visualization  raising visual literacy

Incorporate interaction, animation, 3D graphics-rendering, virtual worlds, real-time data feed

2010s and beyond – ?

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Application Case 3.4

TIBCO Spotfire Provides Dana-Farber Cancer Institute with Unprecedented Insight

into Cancer Vaccine Clinical Trials

Questions for Discussion

How did Dana-Farber Cancer Institute use TIBCO Spotfire to enhance information reporting and visualization?

What were the challenges, the proposed solution, and the obtained results?

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Different Types of Charts and Graphs

Which one to use? Where and when?

Specialized Charts and Graphs

Histogram

Gantt Chart

PERT Chart

Geographic Map

Bullet Graph

Heat Map / Tree Map

Highlight Table

Basic Charts and Graphs

Line Chart

Bar Chart

Pie Chart

Scatter Plot

Bubble Chart

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A Gapminder Chart Wealth and Health of Nations

See gapminder.org for

interesting animated examples

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The Emergence of Data Visualization and Visual Analytics

Magic Quadrant for Business Intelligence and Analytics Platforms (Source: Gartner.com)

Many data visualization companies are in the 4th quadrant

There is a move toward visualization

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The Emergence of Data Visualization and Visual Analytics

Emergence of new companies

Tableau, Spotfire, QlikView, …

Increased focus by the big players

MicroStrategy improved Visual Insight

SAP launched Visual Intelligence

SAS launched Visual Analytics

Microsoft bolstered PowerPivot with Power View

IBM launched Cognos Insight

Oracle acquired Endeca

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Visual Analytics

A recently coined term

Information visualization + predictive analytics

Information visualization

Descriptive, backward focused

“what happened” “what is happening”

Predictive analytics

Predictive, future focused

“what will happen” “why will it happen”

There is a strong move toward visual analytics

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Visual Analytics by SAS Institute

SAS Visual Analytics Architecture

Big data + In memory + Massively parallel processing + ..

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Visual Analytics by SAS Institute

At teradatauniversitynetwork.com, you can learn more about SAS VA, experiment with the tool

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Performance Dashboards

Performance dashboards are commonly used in BPM software suites and BI platforms

Dashboards provide visual displays of important information that is consolidated and arranged on a single screen so that information can be digested at a single glance and easily drilled in and further explored

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Performance Dashboards

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Performance Dashboards

Dashboard design

The fundamental challenge of dashboard design is to display all the required information on a single screen, clearly and without distraction, in a manner that can be assimilated quickly

Three layer of information

Monitoring

Analysis

Management

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Application Case 3.6

Saudi Telecom Company Excels with Information Visualization

Questions for Discussion

Why do you think telecommunication companies are among the prime users of information visualization tools?

How did Saudi Telecom use information visualization?

What were their challenges, the proposed solution, and the obtained results?

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Application Case 3.6

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Performance Dashboards

What to look for in a dashboard

Use of visual components to highlight data and exceptions that require action.

Transparent to the user, meaning that they require minimal training and are extremely easy to use

Combine data from a variety of systems into a single, summarized, unified view of the business

Enable drill-down or drill-through to underlying data sources or reports

Present a dynamic, real-world view with timely data

Require little coding to implement, deploy, and maintain

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Best Practices in Dashboard Design

Benchmark KPIs with Industry Standards

Wrap the Metrics with Contextual Metadata

Validate the Design by a Usability Specialist

Prioritize and Rank Alerts and Exceptions

Enrich Dashboard with Business-User Comments

Present Information in Three Different Levels

Pick the Right Visual Constructs

Provide for Guided Analytics

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Business Performance Management

Business Performance Management (BPM) is…

A real-time system that alerts managers to potential opportunities, impending problems and threats, and then empowers them to react through models and collaboration.

Also called corporate performance management (CPM by Gartner Group), enterprise performance management (EPM by Oracle), strategic enterprise management (SEM by SAP)

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Business Performance Management

BPM refers to the business processes, methodologies, metrics, and technologies used by enterprises to measure, monitor, and manage business performance.

BPM encompasses three key components

A set of integrated, closed-loop management and analytic processes, supported by technology …

Tools for businesses to define strategic goals and then measure/manage performance against them

Methods and tools for monitoring key performance indicators (KPIs), linked to organizational strategy

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A Closed-Loop Process to Optimize Business Performance

Process Steps

Strategize

Plan

Monitor/analyze

Act/adjust

Each with its own process steps

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Strategize: Where Do We Want to Go?

Strategic planning

Common tasks for the strategic planning process:

Conduct a current situation analysis

Determine the planning horizon

Conduct an environment scan

Identify critical success factors

Complete a gap analysis

Create a strategic vision

Develop a business strategy

Identify strategic objectives and goals

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Plan: How Do We Get There?

Operational planning

Operational plan: plan that translates an organization’s strategic objectives and goals into a set of well-defined tactics and initiatives, resources requirements, and expected results for some future time period (usually a year).

Operational planning can be

Tactic-centric (operationally focused)

Budget-centric plan (financially focused)

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Monitor/Analyze: How Are We Doing?

A comprehensive framework for monitoring performance should address two key issues:

What to monitor

Critical success factors

Strategic goals and targets

How to monitor

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Success (or mere survival) depends on new projects: creating new products, entering new markets, acquiring new customers (or businesses), or streamlining some process.

Many new projects and ventures fail!

What is the chance of failure?

60% of Hollywood movies fail

70% of large IT projects fail, …

Act and Adjust: What Do We Need to Do Differently?

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Application Case 3.7

IBM Cognos Express Helps Mace for Faster and Better Business Reporting

Questions for Discussion

What was the reporting challenge Mace was facing? Do you think this is an unusual challenge specific to Mace?

What was the approach for a potential solution?

What were the results obtained in the short term, and what were the future plans?

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Performance measurement system

A system that assists managers in tracking the implementations of business strategy by comparing actual results against strategic goals and objectives

Comprises systematic comparative methods that indicate progress (or lack thereof) against goals

Performance Measurement

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Key performance indicator (KPI)

A KPI represents a strategic objective and metrics that measure performance against a goal

Distinguishing features of KPIs

KPIs and Operational Metrics

Strategy

Targets

Ranges

Encodings

Time frames

Benchmarks

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Key performance indicator (KBI)

Outcome KPIs vs. Driver KPIs

(lagging indicators (leading indicators

e.g., revenues) e.g., sales leads)

Operational areas covered by driver KPIs

Customer performance

Service performance

Sales operations

Sales plan/forecast

Performance Measurement

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Balanced Scorecard (BSC)

A performance measurement and management methodology that helps translate an organization’s financial, customer, internal process, and learning and growth objectives and targets into a set of actionable initiatives

“The Balanced Scorecard: Measures That Drive Performance” (HBR, 1992)

Performance Measurement System

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Balanced Scorecard

The meaning of “balance” ?

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Six Sigma

A performance management methodology aimed at reducing the number of defects in a business process to as close to zero defects per million opportunities (DPMO) as possible

Six Sigma as a Performance Measurement System

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The DMAIC performance model

A closed-loop business improvement model that encompasses the steps of defining, measuring, analyzing, improving, and controlling a process

Lean Six Sigma

Lean manufacturing / lean production

Lean production versus six sigma?

Six Sigma as a Performance Measurement System

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Comparison of Balanced Scorecard and Six Sigma

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Application Case 3.8

Expedia.com’s Customer Satisfaction Scorecard

Questions for Discussion

Who are the customers for Expedia.com? Why is customer satisfaction a very important part of their business?

How did Expedia.com improve customer satisfaction with scorecards?

What were the challenges, the proposed solution, and the obtained results?

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End of the Chapter

Questions, comments

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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.

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Data

Repositories

Business Functions

UOB 1.0X

UOB 2.2

UOB 2.1XUOB 3.0

Machine

Failure

SymbolCountDescription

Exception Event

Transactional Records

PHASE 5

DEPT 4

DEPT 3

DEPT 2

DEPT 1

PHASE 4PHASE 3PHASE 2PHASE 1

DEPLOYMENT CHART

Information

(reporting)

Decision

Maker

Action

(decision)

Data

Data Analysis – Multi-Dimensional Visualization

Week 3 Data Analysis – Multi-Dimensional Visualization

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